Introduction to Ruby(Manik) Gemstones Ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminum oxide). Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. The red color is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. Its name comes from ruber, Latin for red. The variety of colorless, pale-yellow, or light-blue corundum is called sapphire; these are typically called "fancy sapphires." Ruby is considered one of the four precious stones, together with sapphire, emerald, and diamond. Prices of rubies are primarily determined by color. The brightest and most valuable "red" called pigeon blood-red, commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. Cut and carat (weight) also determine the price. The Mogok Valley in Uppe...
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